How To Design Zn-Al-Mg Photovoltaic Bracket?

The design of the photovoltaic bracket should prioritize simplicity, structural integrity, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. It should also be easy to construct and consider factors like load-bearing, wind resistance, earthquake resistance, and corrosion resistance. To facilitate installation, adjustment, and removal, the design should minimize welding and favor hinged or screw-fixed connections. Regardless of the installation structure, it must ensure a strong support for the bracket and secure fixation of the photovoltaic modules. The objective is to ensure the stability of the photovoltaic array throughout the system's 20+ year lifespan, even in harsh weather conditions.

1. Design of roof pv panel brackets

(1) The design of rooftop photovoltaic brackets should be carried out according to different roof structures. 

For sloped roofs, brackets parallel to the roof slope can be designed. The height of the brackets is about 10~15cm from the roof surface to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation of photovoltaic modules. Roof inclination brackets with low front and high back can also be designed according to the optimal inclination angle to meet the maximum solar energy reception of the photovoltaic modules. Flat roofs are generally designed as triangular brackets, and the tilt angle of the bracket is the optimal receiving tilt angle of the photovoltaic module.

(2) Roof-type photovoltaic brackets must be connected to the main structure of the building and cannot be connected to the roof material. 

If a concrete cement foundation is used to fix brackets on the roof, it is necessary to uncover part of the waterproof layer of the roof and dig out the concrete surface. It is best to find the steel bars in the roof concrete and then weld them with the embedded bolts in the foundation. When steel bars cannot be welded, holes should be drilled in the roof to embed steel bars in advance, or the surface of the roof used as the foundation part should be made uneven to increase the adhesion between the roof surface and the concrete foundation, and then secondary waterproofing treatment should be performed on the damaged part of the roof's waterproof layer. For roofs that cannot be built with a concrete foundation, photovoltaic modules are generally fixed directly with angle steel brackets. The fixation of the brackets requires the use of wire rope (or iron wire) tightening methods, bracket extension fixing methods, etc. The gap between the lower edge of the photovoltaic module of the triangular bracket and the roof surface should be greater than 15cm to prevent muddy water from the roof surface from splashing onto the glass surface of the photovoltaic module and making the module glass dirty when it rains.

(3) To make roof photovoltaic brackets, you can use galvanized steel like angle steel and channel steel, or choose ready-made C-shaped steel brackets or zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy brackets made by professionals. 

These brackets are specifically designed for different types of roofs. For flat roofs, you can use steel brackets or alloy brackets. Tilt-adjustable roofs can use steel brackets or aluminum alloy brackets. Color steel tile roofs are compatible with steel or alloy brackets, while glazed tile roofs require zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy brackets.

2. Design of ground pv panel mounting brackets

Ground photovoltaic array brackets can be divided into fixed, adjustable and automatic tracking types. The photovoltaic brackets installed on the ground must have sufficient strength to meet the requirements of the static load (such as the weight of snow) and dynamic load (such as typhoon) of the photovoltaic array to ensure that the array installation is safe, solid and reliable. The bracket should ensure that the connection between the component and the bracket is firm and reliable, the bracket and the foundation are firmly connected, and it should be able to withstand wind force of 120km/h (33.3m/s) without being damaged.

When designing the bracket, in order to accept more ground reflected radiation and consider factors such as ventilation and heat dissipation of the photovoltaic array, for general application sites, the minimum height of the lower edge of the module array from the ground is not less than 0.5m. 

The following main considerations are: 

(1) Consider the local maximum snow depth.

(2) Higher than the water level when local flooding occurs.

(3) Prevent sediment from splashing onto the surface of photovoltaic modules when it rains.

(4) Prevent damage from small animals.

(5) Growth height of plants or weeds on site.

For double-sided photovoltaic modules, the installation height of the photovoltaic array has a great relationship with the power generation at the back of the array. The optimal installation height varies with the installation location, and is generally chosen between 0.4 and 1m. The higher the installation height, the better. If the height is too low or too high, the advantages of double-sided photovoltaic modules will not be able to be used, and the power generation on the back of the module will be reduced. In addition, the shielding problem on the back needs to be considered when designing the bracket structure. The bracket components such as inclined beams, standard rails and connectors should not cross the module cell area, but should be set along the edge of the module as much as possible. Photovoltaic inverters, combiner boxes and other equipment should also be installed on the sides of the square array to avoid blocking the reception of light from the back of the photovoltaic modules.

The square array bracket should ensure reliable grounding, and the steel structure bracket should be anti-rust coated to meet the requirements of long-term field use. The fasteners used should be stainless steel parts or surface-treated metal parts. Like the rooftop photovoltaic array brackets, the ground photovoltaic array brackets can be processed and welded with galvanized steel such as angle steel and channel steel. You can also choose ground-specific steel stamping brackets or aluminum alloy brackets produced by professional photovoltaic bracket manufacturers. Ground photovoltaic brackets mainly include single-column steel brackets and zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy brackets, double-column steel brackets and zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy brackets, tilt-angle adjustable steel brackets, etc.